LEAFLET STRUCTURE FOR 11TH GRADE STUDENTS. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS AND I HOPE YOU WILL SUCCEED!
THANKS FOR COOPERATION!
Теоретичный матеріал
до граматичного тесту для учнів
філологічної групи 10 класу
Participle clauses
Participle clauses are a form of adverbial clause which enables us to say
information in a more economical way. We can use participle clauses when the
participle and the verb in the main clause have the same subject. For example:
Waiting for John, I made some tea.
Forming participle clauses
Participle clauses can be formed with the present participle (-ing
form of the verb) or past participle (third form of the verb).
Participle clauses with past participles have a passive meaning:
Shouting loudly,
Peter walked home. [Peter was shouting]
Shouted at loudly,
Peter walked home. [Someone was shouting at Peter]
If we wish to emphasise that one action was before another then we can use
a perfect participle (having + past participle):
Having won the match,
Susan jumped for joy.
Having been told the bad
news, Susan sat down and cried.
The meaning and use of participle clauses
Participle clauses give information about condition, reason, result
or time. For example:
Condition (in place of an if-condition):
Looked after carefully, this coat will keep you warm through many winters.
Compare: If you look after it carefully, this coat will keep you warm
through many winters.
Reason (in place of words like so or
therefore):
Wanting to speak to him about the contract, I decided to arrange a meeting.
Compare: I wanted to speak to him about the contract so I decided
to arrange a meeting.
Result (in place of words like because or
as a result):
I had no time to read my book, having spent so long doing my homework.
Compare: I had no time to read my book because I had spent so long
doing my homework.
Time (in place of words like when, while
or as soon as):
Sitting at the cafe with my friends, I suddenly realised that I had left
the oven on at home.
Compare: While I was sitting at the cafe with my friends, I suddenly
realised that I had left the oven on at home.
Ідіоматичні вирази
до усного заліку у
математичній групі 11 класу
ace up your sleeve
|
If you have an ace up
your sleeve, you have something in reserve with which you can gain an
advantage.
Our new product is an ace up
our sleeve.
|
hold all the aces
|
A person who holds all
the aces is in a very strong position because they have more advantages
than anyone else.
Given the high unemployment
rates today, employers hold all the aces.
|
ambulance chaser
|
A lawyer who finds work by
persuading people injured in accidents to claim money from the person who
caused the accident is called an 'ambulance chaser'.
Peterson and Scott are
well-known ambulance chasers - that's how they make their money!
|
back to the salt mines
|
Saying that you have to go back
to the sale mines is a humorous way of talking about returning to work,
usually with some reluctance.
We get two days off at
Christmas and then it's back to the salt mines!
|
bait and switch
|
This term refers to a
deceptive commercial practice of advertising
a low-priced item to attract
customers, then telling them that the product is out of stock and persuading
them to buy a more expensive article.
This store is famous for its
bait and switch tactics.
|
in the black
|
To say that a person or
organization is in the black means that they are financially sound,
have a positive balance on their account and that they owe no money.
|
black market
|
The black market
refers to the illegal buying and selling of goods or currencies.
Be careful of what you buy
on the black market - it's not always good quality.
|
blamestorming
|
A discussion among a group
of people who try to determine who
or what is to blame for a
particular mistake, failure or wrongdoing, is called 'blamestorming'.
A blamestorming session took
place following the unfavourable reviews in the press.
|
blank cheque
|
If you give someone a blank
cheque, you authorize them to do what they think is best in a difficult
situation.
Tom was given a blank cheque
and told to negotiate the best deal possible.
|
blue chip company
|
This term refers to a
company with a solid reputation for the quality of its products and the
stability of its growth and earnings.
It's usually safe to invest
in a blue chip company.
|
above board
|
If a situation or business
is described as above board, it is open, honest and legal.
There are not secret
negotiations. Our dealings have always been above board.
|
get down to brass tacks
|
When people get down to
brass tacks, they start to discuss the essential aspects of a problem or
situation.
The situation was so serious
that after a few polite exchanges they quickly got down to brass tacks.
|
break your back
|
If you work extremely hard,
or put a lot of effort into achieving something, you break your back
to do it.
If you want the job done
well, you should accept to pay more. He's not going to break his back
for such a low price!
|
bricks and mortar / bricks and clicks
|
An established trading
company (office/shop) is referred to as a 'brick-and-mortar' business.
'Click companies' refer to internet-based operations.
Companies which do both are
called 'bricks and clicks'.
Click businesses are usually more flexible than brick-and-mortar operations. |
Немає коментарів:
Дописати коментар